Qanun

MENAFSIRKAN KEADILAN DALAM FILSAFAT HUKUM: STUDI KOMPARATIF PEMIKIRAN IBNU RUSYD DAN JOHN LOCKE

Imam Ghozali — 2025-06-30

This study explores the existence of law and justice through a comparative analysis of two major thinkers from Eastern and Western traditions, namely Ibn Rushd and John Locke, using a qualitative approach based on literature review and philosophical-comparative analysis. Ibn Rushd views law as a means to achieve substantive justice by integrating revelation and reason, rejecting purely textual interpretations that disregard the objectives of Sharia (maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah). Meanwhile, Locke builds his legal philosophy on social contract theory and natural law, grounded in the inalienable rights of individuals—life, liberty, and property—and asserts that legitimate law must be based on the consent of the governed. The analysis shows that both thinkers employ reason as a critical tool for evaluating law and reject absolute power, although they differ in the source of legal legitimacy: Ibn Rushd combines reason with divine revelation, while Locke relies on secular rationality. These findings affirm that an integrative, rational, and contextual approach to law and justice can serve as a vital foundation for building fair and inclusive legal systems in both Islamic societies and modern democratic states.

KEDAULATAN RAKYAT DALAM PERGULATAN KONSEP ISLAM DAN BARAT: ANALISIS PEMIKIRAN AL-MAWARDI DAN JEAN-JACQUES ROUSSEAU

Moh Roiis Edy Siswanto — 2025-06-30

This study discusses the comparative thinking of Al-Mawardi and Jean-Jacques Rousseau on popular sovereignty, to see how the concept is understood in the context of classical Islam and modern Western philosophy. Al-Mawardi, through his work Al-Ahkam al-Sulthaniyyah, emphasized that sovereignty originates from Islamic law, not from the people directly. The role of the people is limited and carried out through an elite group (ahl al-halli wa al-‘aqdi) who are tasked with electing leaders. Meanwhile, Rousseau in Du Contrat Social emphasized that the people are the holders of the highest sovereignty, and the general will (volonté générale) is the basis for the legitimacy of power. This study uses a descriptive-comparative approach with a literature study method, to explore the differences and similarities between the two and their relevance to the political reality of Indonesia. The results of the study show that the practice of sovereignty in Indonesia reflects a combination of the two views: modern democracy with popular participation through elections, as well as the influence of religious values in public policy. This shows the ambiguity in the application of people's sovereignty in Indonesia. From there, the concept of people's sovereignty in Indonesia is hybrid, not entirely secular like Rousseau's view, and not entirely theocratic like Al-Mawardi's concept. Therefore, a reformulation of the concept of people's sovereignty is needed that is able to balance the principles of democracy and religious moral values, so that the government system can run fairly, contextually, and reflect the identity of the nation.

FORMULASI AGAMA DAN NEGARA DALAM WACANA POLITIK: TELAAH KRITIS GAGASAN IBNU KHALDUN DAN HANS KELSEN

Ulfatul Ilmiyah — 2025-06-30

Penelitian ini mengkaji agama dan negara melalui pemikiran perspektif dua tokoh besar dari latar belakang peradaban yang berbeda, yaitu Ibnu Khaldun dari dunia Islam dan Hans Kelsen dari dunia Barat dengan fokus pemabahasan pada relasi agama dan negara. Objek kajian difokuskan pada peran agama dalam legitimasi kekuasaan dan struktur negara. Metode yang digunakan adalah library research dengan pendekatan komparatif. Kelsen menekankan pentingnya pemisahan agama dan negara demi menjaga netralitas hukum, sedangkan Ibnu Khaldun melihat agama sebagai fondasi moral negara. Analisis menunjukkan bahwa meski berbeda pendekatan, keduanya sepakat negara berfungsi menjaga ketertiban dan keadilan. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa pemikiran kedua tokoh masih relevan untuk dijadikan rujukan dalam memahami dan mengelola hubungan antara agama dan negara di era modern, khususnya dalam konteks masyarakat multikultural dan demokratis yang mengedepankan nilai keadilan dan inklusivitas.

ETIKA POLITIK DALAM TRADISI ISLAM DAN BARAT: PERBANDINGAN KONSEPTUAL ANTARA NASIRUDDIN TUSI DAN IMMANUEL KANT

Hopipah — 2025-06-30

This research is a comparative study with the aim of examining the political ethics thoughts of two great figures from different philosophical traditions, namely Nasiruddin Tusi from Islamic civilisation and Immanuel Kant from Western philosophy. By using literature study method, by analysing Nasiruddin Tusi: building an integrative political ethics system between individual morality and a just government structure, based on Islamic values and classical philosophy. Immanuel Kant: political ethics based on the principle of categorical imperative with emphasis on individual moral autonomy and freedom. These differences result in the common ground that morality is the main foundation of political practice. The striking difference is in the philosophical approach, where Tusi combines theological and empirical aspects in a socio-political framework, while Kant brings a rational-secular approach that emphasises individual moral consistency. The finding of both lies in political governance that upholds ethics, justice, and integrity.

MEMBANGUN NEGARA IDEAL: DIALEKTIKA GAGASAN PLATO DAN AL-FARABI DALAM KONTEKS FILSAFAT POLITIK

Maisaroh — 2025-06-30

This study explores the concept of the ideal state through a comparative analysis between Plato from ancient Greece and Al-Farabi from the Islamic world. The research method employed is qualitative with a library research approach, focusing on the primary works The Republic and Ara’ Ahl al-Madina al-Fadilah. The analysis reveals that Plato emphasizes rationality and the philosopher-king as the ideal ruler, while Al-Farabi combines philosophy and prophecy to achieve happiness in both the worldly and spiritual realms. Both thinkers stress the importance of moral leadership and a state that functions for the common good. The findings affirm that their ideas remain relevant as normative foundations for formulating a just, civilized, and welfare-oriented system of governance.

Keywords: Ideal State, Plato, Al-Farabi