MEMBANGUN NEGARA IDEAL: DIALEKTIKA GAGASAN PLATO DAN AL-FARABI DALAM KONTEKS FILSAFAT POLITIK

Abstract

This study explores the concept of the ideal state through a comparative analysis between Plato from ancient Greece and Al-Farabi from the Islamic world. The research method employed is qualitative with a library research approach, focusing on the primary works The Republic and Ara’ Ahl al-Madina al-Fadilah. The analysis reveals that Plato emphasizes rationality and the philosopher-king as the ideal ruler, while Al-Farabi combines philosophy and prophecy to achieve happiness in both the worldly and spiritual realms. Both thinkers stress the importance of moral leadership and a state that functions for the common good. The findings affirm that their ideas remain relevant as normative foundations for formulating a just, civilized, and welfare-oriented system of governance.

Keywords: Ideal State, Plato, Al-Farabi